Orthopaedics is the medical specialty concerned with the treatment
of disorders of the musculo-skeletal system (the bones, joints, muscles, tendons,
ligaments, cartilage, nerves and related structures). These disorders include conditions
such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and scoliosis (curvature of the spine) as
well as injuries such as broken bones, dislocated joints and torn muscles.
Orthopaedic surgeons are trained to treat a wide variety of musculoskeletal disorders.
Many have particular areas of interest such as joint replacement surgery, spinal
surgery, sports medicine or paediatric orthopaedics (orthopaedic surgery in children).
The term "orthopaedics" comes from two words, "ortho" meaning
"straight" and "paed" meaning "children".
Patients are assessed by taking a thorough history and physical examination. Some also require x-rays, MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging), blood tests or other investigations. Many do not require surgery, but may be helped by medication, exercise or physiotherapy. Common orthopaedic operations include joint replacement procedures, arthroscopic surgery and the treatment of fractures.